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Business Modeling With UML: Business Patterns at Work

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Summary TOC Back Cover Look Inside Comments Reviews
Magnus Penker, Hans-Erik Eriksson
January 2000, John Wiley & Sons, Hardcover, 416 pages, ISBN 0471295515

Instructor-led, virtual, and self-paced training for Business Analysts What Do Business Analysts Do?
How to Elicit (Gather), Write, and Analyze Requirements
How to Initiate Requirements Gathering with User Stories
How to Model, Analyze, and Improve Business Processes
How to Model, Analyze, and Improve Business Data
All About Use Cases
How to Build Business Process Models
How to Build Business Data Models
How to Define and Document Use Cases
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for today's Business System Analysts (BA's) and Subject Matter Experts (SME's)

Summary
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From the authors of UML Toolkit comes a nuts-and-bolts guide for applying UML's vast capabilities to business systems.

To perform effective business modeling and develop a successful information system, you need a reliable modeling language that allows you to establish the necessary components and satisfy all of management's concerns. You need UML. With its eagerly anticipated new set of business extensions and techniques, UML is the premiere language for both traditional business modeling and the later stages of analysis and design. Finally, only one modeling language is needed for every phase of project development.

This invaluable book, the first of its kind, provides in-depth guidance on business modeling as well as discussions of how patterns, business objects, business rules, CORBA, COM, and Java all fit in to help improve every stage of object-oriented software development.

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a drawing tool to create "blueprints" for object-oriented systems. It has been officially adopted by the OMG. Think of UML as the AutoCAD of the computer industry. Where AutoCAD is used to create architectural blueprints for buildings, UML is used to diagram blueprints of object-oriented computer systems. Business Modeling is the first phase of software development with UML, in which business concerns are clearly outlined so that an information system with the appropriate Business Objects may be developed.

Topics covered: Business modeling basics, UML notation and Erickson-Penker Business Extensions, class diagrams and powertypes, object diagrams, statecharts, activity diagrams and swimlanes, sequence and collaboration diagrams, collaboration and use case diagrams, component and deployment diagrams, stereotypes, business architectures, business processes, resources, goals, business rules, Object Constraint Language (OCL) and collections, business views and patterns, business goal allocation, business goal decomposition, business goal-problem, and software architectures

 
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BA books: Table of Contents
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Acknowledgments
Introduction

Chapter 1 Business Modeling
The Role of Models
UML
Business Process Modeling

Understanding the Business
Information System Support
Improvement
Innovation
Design New Processes
Outsourcing

Business Modeling with UML
Summary

Chapter 2 UML Primer
UML Basics
Unified Modeling Language
Class Diagram
Object Diagram
Statechart Diagram
Activity Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Collaboration Diagram
Use-Case Diagram
Component Diagram
Deployment Diagram

Extending UML
Stereotypes
Tagged Values
Constraints

Summary

Chapter 3 Modeling the Business Architecture
Architecting a Business
Good Architecture

Business Concepts
Eriksson-Penker Business Extensions
Business Processes
Resources
Goals
Business Rules
Relationships
General Mechanisms

Summary

Chapter 4 Business Views
Four Common Business Views
Business Vision View
Business Process View
Business Structure View
Business Behavior View

Summary

Chapter 5 Business Rules
Business Rule Syntax
Rules in UML

Object Constraint Language
Using OCL in Models
OCL Expressions
Navigation
Collections

Business Rules Categories
Derivations
Constraints
Existence

Fuzzy Business Rules
Summary

Chapter 6 Business Patterns
Types of Patterns
How Business Patterns Are Used

Pattern Categories
Pattern Form
The Patterns in This Book
Resource and Rule Patterns
Goal Patterns
Process Patterns

The Business Patterns Template
Name
Intent
Motivation
Applicability
Structure
Participants
Consequences
Example
Related Patterns
Source/Credit

Patterns in UML
Other Work in Patterns
Summary

Chapter 7 Resource and Rule Patterns
Actor-Role Pattern
Business Definitions Pattern
Business Event-Result History Pattern
Contract Pattern
Core-Representation Pattern
Document Pattern
Employment Pattern
Geographic Location Pattern
Organization and Party Pattern
Product Data Management Pattern
Thing-Information Pattern
Title-Item Pattern
Type-Object-Value Pattern
Summary

Chapter 8 Goal Patterns
Business Goal Alloction Pattern
Business Goal Decomposition Pattern
Business Goal-Problem Pattern
Summary

Chapter 9 Process Patterns
Basic Process Structure Pattern
Process Interaction Pattern
Process Feedback Pattern
Time-To-Customer Pattern
Process Layer Supply Pattern
Process Layer Control Pattern
Action Workflow Pattern
Process-Process Instance Pattern
Resource Use Pattern
Process Instance State Pattern
Summary

Chapter 10 From Business Architecture to Software Architecture
Software Development Process
What Is Software Architecture?
Myths about Software Architectures
Designing a Good Architecture

Modeling the Software Architecture
Software Architectural Views

Using the Business Architecture to Define the Software Architecture
Identify the Information Systems
Find Functional Requirements
Find Nonfunctional Requirements
Act as Basis for Analysis and Design
Identify Suitable Components

Summary

Chapter 11 A Business Model Example
Bob's Mail Order
Visions and Goals
Goal Model
Conceptual Model

Business Processes
Resources and Organization
Resource Modeling
Organizational Modeling

Process Decomposition
Support Systems
System Requirements
System Requirement Specification

Summary

Appendix A Eriksson-Penker Business Extensions
Views
Diagrams and Models
Stereotypes and Constraints
Tagged Values

Appendix B Business Patterns Summary

Resource and Rules Patterns
Goal Patterns
Process Patterns

Glossary
References
Index
 
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Back Cover
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Following up on their bestselling book, UML Toolkit, Hans-Erik Eriksson and Magnus Penker now provide expert guidance on how to use UML to model your business systems. In this informative book, key business modeling concepts are presented, including how to define Business Rules with UML's Object Constraint Language (OCL) and how to use business models with use cases. The authors then provide 26 valuable Business Patterns along with an e-business case study that utilizes the techniques and patterns discussed in the book.

 
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Business System Analysis Books: Reviews
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Review-Date: 4/16/2010 Rating: 4 Summary: Good book

I‘m not much a reader; however, this book is an excellent resource and handy. Useful for assisting in times when you feel like you‘ve come upon a wall.


Review-Date: 6/30/2004 Rating: 2 Summary: Not particularly useful

I am looking for a book that would be able to flesh out proper business processes utilizing well defined modeling language/framework. Although UML is extremely useful for software development, the author‘s work did make its case stand with me on UML‘s usefulness as business process modeling tool.

The examples are too simplistic and the suggested modeling diagrams are far too cluterred for a business personel to understand.(Cluttered diagrams on a simple example) The book would be better if it had a growing case study and used real world examples and diagrams.



Review-Date: 7/13/2003 Rating: 3 Summary: A very good guide to business–level modelling with UML

One of the weaknesses of the Unified Modelling Language is its relatively limited support for modelling at the Enterprise level, especially to accurately model business processes. The UML purists believe that everything should be reduced to Use Cases, while these authors recognise that much more is necessary.

The book covers five quite distinct topics:
1. An introduction to business modelling and UML, explaining the problems the authors want to help solve, and describing each of the relevant techniques of UML,
2. A proposal for a group of extensions to UML (using that language‘s own established extensibility mechanisms) so that that it can better model business processes,
3. A description of the variety of views and models which will be required to establish a comprehensive understanding of the business, or at least part of it,
4. A repository of "business patterns", which you can use to model the business,
5. A comprehensive worked example.

Each of these is quite detailed. In particular, the book contains probably the best introduction to the Object Constraint Language (OCL), and its use to model business rules, that I have read anywhere. The sections on how to do business modelling are also very good, as are the introductions to the relevant UML techniques.

The "Eriksson–Penker extensions for business modelling" are important because several UML–based case tools have now implemented them as an emerging standard for business process modelling with UML. If you want to fully understand how these work, this is the book to read.

The business patterns are more of a "curates egg". Some are extremely useful, and others innovative which could easily solve your problems where there is an accurate match. That said, some are less good and seem to state the obvious, although with patterns it is always difficult to know if you are judging some harshly simply because you are so familiar with them and other readers will get more value. Some of the pattern explanations are a bit repetitive, and the "examples" often sound very artificial, but overall they are useful, and a single one which solves a real business modelling problem for you will justify the rest.

At over 400 pages, some of which is occasionally slightly slow and ponderous this is not an ideal book to read from cover to cover. But it is definitely one to study, focusing on whichever topic is most relevant to you at any time, and I can happily recommend it.



Review-Date: 1/31/2003 Rating: 5 Summary: Excellent ideas, excellent read!

In this book, Eriksson and Penker (E–P) define UML extensions for describing business processes. Here‘s a summary of my interpretation of thier ideas:

Processes are generally modeled using UML activity diagrams. A "process" is shown as an Activity stereotyped as <>. The <> activity is also given a new icon and a set of tagged values. I think the icon was added to make buissness developers feel more at home. Instead of a retangle with rounded corners, it looks like a big arrow. Four base types of objects are shown in a process diagram: Goal, Input, Output and Resource objects. "The input objects are resources that are transformed or *consumed* as part of the process..." An input object may become an output object with a state change, but this is not always the case. Sometimes input objects are consumed. E–P say "An output object can be a completely new object created during the processes or it can be a transformed input object". Another quote: "During its execution, the process interacts with other resource objects, objects other than the input and output objects, that are just as vital. These objects carry information required by the process or they are resources responsible for executing the activities in the process, such as people or machines.". Output objects flowing from one process can become input objects or resource objects flowing to another process. Goal objects define a set of rules for controlling the process. A process diagram is drawn with input objects to the left, resource objects below, goal objects above and output objects to the right of each process symbol. Object flows (dashed arrows) are used to connect the objects to the processes. Just as in standard UML, <> Activities can contain sub <> Activities and Activities. Non–process Activities being automic. The State of an object can be shown with standard UML syntax. A description on the use of "swimlanes" in activity diagrams is also given. Classes of objects and their associations are provided by standard class diagrams. E–P also describe the use of sequence diagrams and state diagrams in a business modeling context. They even provide a meta–model for thier Modeling extensions! The book also describes another type of process diagram that they call an "assembly line" diagram. It appears to be a process diagram that utilizes Packages to represent resource collections. I believe that Eriksson and Penker stayed within the UML standard and in fact thier extensions don‘t appear to be that "extensive". Mostly some stereotyping, some tagged values and an icon. The second half of the book is dedicated to design patterns for busineess development. But many of these patterns could be very usefull to you. They also show how to provide object constraints using OCL and provide a pretty decent UML primer.

One thing that is bothering me about the process diagrams it that they do not show object collaboration very well. I think that the contractual message passing between objects needs to be shown with informational interface objects rather than parameter lists. I‘m withholding judgement at this point. After all, the business models they are describing will never be translated into code, but rather business forms and process documentation and executed by people and not computers. They do however, give a method for creating software system models for automating part of the business system.

All mistakes, misconceptions and missuse of terminolgy in the above description of Eriksson and Penker‘s book are my own.

Adios,
–Andy



Review-Date: 1/26/2003 Rating: 3 Summary: Very high level, often inconsistent

The models in this book are interesting but they are too high level to be useful. The modelling style is inconsistent e.g. missing multiplicities. Some of the models are contradictary.
If you have absolutely no idea about any of this stuff, and are interested in the absolute basics, then this book might be useful. If you want to understand the subtleties of a business domain, it won‘t help.


Review-Date: 1/17/2003 Rating: 3 Summary: Difficult to apply the recommendation using Rational Rose

I enjoyed the concepts, and the book is actually very readable. But when it came time to start applying the techniques my tune changed a bit. If you are using a simple drawing tool (like Visio or similar) to render your UML diagrams, then this book may be helpful to you. If you are using a more sophisticated tool like Rational Rose, then I think you will have difficulty creating the necessary business extensions and stereotypes. (Is that a criticism of the book or of Rose – you decide).

Another criticism is that the authors appear to have made themselves readily available for questions and additional info, but in fact this is not true in my case. Also the the URL that is provided on page xix (in the introduction), which is supposed to contain additional examples and articles is no longer available. I hate that! It appears as though the authors have left this book behind them, so perhaps you might as well to.

If you are in the inception phase of a business modeling initiative and you are using Rational Rose, then I would not recommend attempting to apply the techniques in this book with that toolset.



Review-Date: 2/9/2002 Rating: 5 Summary: An Excellent Business Modelling Book

This book covers many aspects of business modeling. Using the patterns to solve our problem domain.
We can make some view of business, they are business vision view, business process, business structure, and business behaviour.
Thanks to Eriksson–Penker Business Extension. We can simplify our complex business using this extension.


Review-Date: 8/23/2001 Rating: 5 Summary: Ecxellence

The book is an ecxellence guide to apply UML in the enterprise modeling. Usefull also the Business Patterns.


Review-Date: 5/22/2001 Rating: 5 Summary: Very useful !!

While I didn‘t really enjoy UML Toolkit I do enjoy this book. The presentation and writing styles are same between books however, which are very structured and easy to follow however.

This book does a wonderful job of discussing the "design patterns" around the activities of a business, this is it‘s strength. While I haven‘t yet mapped these out in UML to a business I think they can stand on their own outside of UML. UML just makes the flow more understandable.

Overall the design patterns are enough to recommend it. Very novel and useful!



Review-Date: 10/15/2000 Rating: 5 Summary: Good Book

The authors effectively present the concepts related to the modeling of the business. Keep in mind that the scope of the book is much borader thans the tradiotional modeling for building computer information systems.


 
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